Today’s Swiss energy system is based on hydropower, nuclear power, and fossil fuels for heating and mobility. The transformation of this system – as envisaged in the framework of the Energy Strategy 2050 – is fundamental and has far more implications than just a technological change. The objective of task 4.3 is to understand the social, economic and political drivers that are an integral part of this transformation. This will be achieved in close cooperation with SCCER-CREST, especially within the Joint Activity “Socio-political conditions of the extension of hydropower and geothermal energy”.